Premature Aging and Poor Nutrition of Discs: Causes of Degenerative Changes in Intervertebral Discs

Degenerative changes in intervertebral discs occur due to premature aging and poor disc nutrition. Depending on the region of the spine affected, pain can manifest in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or coccygeal areas.

Over time, the discs lose their elasticity and shrink, leading to reduced space between the vertebrae. This decreases the mobility of the spine, and even small movements can put pressure on the roots of spinal nerves. Improper lifting of heavy objects or sudden movements can cause the intervertebral disc to rupture, pressing on a specific spinal nerve. This condition, known as a herniated disc, can occur in any part of the spine.

The most common complaint is lower back pain, typically between the 5th lumbar and 1st sacral vertebrae. This pain often radiates to the hip, down the lower leg, through the calf, and to the outer side of the foot and the little toe. If reduced sensation in the leg is accompanied by pronounced pain in the big toe, this indicates an injury between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae. The pain usually intensifies with movements and strain (e.g., coughing, sneezing, or laughing).

In addition to issues with intervertebral discs, a common problem is calcification of calcium salts deposited on the vertebrae in the form of small growths known as osteophytes. These can press on the roots of spinal nerves. Depending on the region, this can cause:

• Cervical pain syndrome: Severe pain in the neck and head, dizziness, and ringing in the ears.
• Lumbar pain syndrome: Lower back pain, including in the sacral and gluteal areas (commonly known as lumbago).

Why Do We Lose Our Health?

We are born with a predisposition for good health, so what happens along the way? Everyday bad habits, such as a sedentary lifestyle (sitting at a computer or in a car), lack of physical activity, and poor diet, are key contributors. These factors disrupt the body’s posture, and if not addressed promptly, they can lead to spinal issues.

Scoliosis in Children: A Growing Concern

An increasing number of children experience back pain at a young age due to scoliosis. Lateral curvature of the spine in the thoracic or lumbar regions has become a common problem, yet it often does not receive adequate attention. If left untreated or inadequately addressed, scoliosis in childhood can lead to the aforementioned spinal issues later in life.

In addition to back pain, children with scoliosis often experience attention disorders and, in some cases, breathing difficulties. Early diagnosis of the degree of spinal curvature and timely initiation of treatments and exercises are essential for preventing long-term complications.